Development of a Meridic Diet for <I>Hylobius transversovittatus</I> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and the Role of Carbohydrates in Feeding, Growth, and Survival of Larvae

Growth and survival of chronic B-cell tumors are favored by the malignant cell's capacity to respond to selected microenvironmental stimuli provided by nontumoral bystander cells. To investigate which mechanisms operate in these crosstalks and whether they are malignancy-related or reproduce the mechanisms used by normal B cells we have studied the expression and functional role of semaphorin CD100 (now called Sema4D) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells and normal CD5+ B cells. We demonstrate here that (1) leukemic and normal CD5+ B lymphocytes uniformly express CD100; (2) the CD100 high-affinity receptor Plexin-B1 is expressed by bone marrow stromal cells, follicular dendritic cells, and activated T lymphocytes, and is thus available to CD100+ lymphocytes in different specific microenvironments; and (3) upon interaction between CD100 and Plexin-B1 both CLL and normal CD5+ B cells increase their proliferative activity and extend their life span. These findings establish that Plexin-B1 is an easily accessible receptor for CD100 within the immune system. The encounter of CD100+ leukemic cells with Plexin-B1 may promote the proliferation and survival of malignant cells. The crosstalk operated by the CD100/Plexin-B1 interaction is not malignancy related but reproduces a mechanism used by normal CD5+ B cells.

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The effect of porcine somatotropin on growth, and survival in seawater of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z76-060 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 531-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 114

Author(s):

M. P. Komourdjian ◽

R. L. Saunders ◽

J. C. Fenwick

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

Growth Hormone Treatment ◽

Hormone Treatment ◽

Control Fish ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽

Porcine Somatotropin

The effects of porcine growth hormone on growth and salinity tolerance were studied in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr. Fish were held in freshwater at 11.5 °C during June and July under a photoperiod with light to dark periods opposite to the prevailing natural conditions. Fish treated with 1.0 μg/g body weight of growth hormone preparation on alternate days were significantly longer (P <.05), after 4 weeks, than placebo-injected controls. All hormone-injected fish survived transfer to seawater, 30‰ salinity. But under the same conditions, placebo-injected control fish showed a high mortality rate. Growth-hormone treatment caused a darkening of fin margins and a yellowing of the operculae and fin surfaces. The silvering which normally accompanies smoltification was not observed. The role of growth hormone in eliciting these actions and its possible role in the parr–smolt transformation are discussed.

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Role of Aiolos and Ikaros in the Antitumor and Immunomodulatory Activity of IMiDs in Multiple Myeloma: Better to Lose Than to Find Them

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22031103 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 1103

Author(s):

Marco Cippitelli ◽

Helena Stabile ◽

Andrea Kosta ◽

Sara Petillo ◽

Angela Gismondi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Plasma Cells ◽

Immunomodulatory Activity ◽

Cancer Cell Growth ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Therapeutic Implications ◽

Development And Differentiation ◽

Innate Lymphocytes

The Ikaros zing-finger family transcription factors (IKZF TFs) are important regulators of lymphocyte development and differentiation and are also highly expressed in B cell malignancies, including Multiple Myeloma (MM), where they are required for cancer cell growth and survival. Moreover, IKZF TFs negatively control the functional properties of many immune cells. Thus, the targeting of these proteins has relevant therapeutic implications in cancer. Indeed, accumulating evidence demonstrated that downregulation of Ikaros and Aiolos, two members of the IKZF family, in malignant plasma cells as well as in adaptative and innate lymphocytes, is key for the anti-myeloma activity of Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs). This review is focused on IKZF TF-related pathways in MM. In particular, we will address how the depletion of IKZF TFs exerts cytotoxic effects on MM cells, by reducing their survival and proliferation, and concomitantly potentiates the antitumor immune response, thus contributing to therapeutic efficacy of IMiDs, a cornerstone in the treatment of this neoplasia.

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The Role of Host-Generated H2S in Microbial Pathogenesis: New Perspectives on Tuberculosis

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fcimb.2020.586923 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Md. Aejazur Rahman ◽

Joel N. Glasgow ◽

Sajid Nadeem ◽

Vineel P. Reddy ◽

Ritesh R. Sevalkar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Host Immunity ◽

Microbial Pathogens ◽

Microbial Pathogenesis ◽

Enzymatic Production ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Wide Range

For centuries, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was considered primarily as a poisonous gas and environmental hazard. However, with the discovery of prokaryotic and eukaryotic enzymes for H2S production, breakdown, and utilization, H2S has emerged as an important signaling molecule in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. Hence, H2S is considered a gasotransmitter along with nitric oxide (•NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Surprisingly, despite having overlapping functions with •NO and CO, the role of host H2S in microbial pathogenesis is understudied and represents a gap in our knowledge. Given the numerous reports that followed the discovery of •NO and CO and their respective roles in microbial pathogenesis, we anticipate a rapid increase in studies that further define the importance of H2S in microbial pathogenesis, which may lead to new virulence paradigms. Therefore, this review provides an overview of sulfide chemistry, enzymatic production of H2S, and the importance of H2S in metabolism and immunity in response to microbial pathogens. We then describe our current understanding of the role of host-derived H2S in tuberculosis (TB) disease, including its influences on host immunity and bioenergetics, and on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth and survival. Finally, this review discusses the utility of H2S-donor compounds, inhibitors of H2S-producing enzymes, and their potential clinical significance.

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The Growth of a Tree—A Metaphor for Reflecting on the Role of JRME

Journal for Research in Mathematics Education ◽

10.5951/jresematheduc.45.4.0402 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 402-405

Author(s):

Nerida F. Ellerton

Keyword(s):

Education Research ◽

Mathematics Education ◽

Root System ◽

Soil Nutrients ◽

Tree Species ◽

Natural World ◽

Mathematics Education Research ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Natural Landscapes

Research journals likeJRMEplay key roles through the publication of peerreviewed research, and it is through such publications that the field has the potential to grow. The metaphor of a growing tree is a useful one to explore in the context of mathematics education research. Growth in the natural world is generally multidimensional. A tree's growth is measured not only in terms of its height but also in terms of the girth of its trunk, the spread of its branches, and the development of a substantial root system, all of which are essential for the tree's continued growth and survival. Soil nutrients need to be replenished, and without sufficient moisture, growth is arrested, and the tree becomes stunted. Many of the most interesting natural landscapes include a range of tree species as well as supporting undergrowth.

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Role of INSL4 Signaling in Sustaining the Growth and Viability of LKB1-Inactivated Lung Cancer

JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute ◽

10.1093/jnci/djy166 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 111 (7) ◽

pp. 664-674 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rongqiang Yang ◽

Steven W Li ◽

Zirong Chen ◽

Xin Zhou ◽

Wei Ni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Transcriptome Profiling ◽

Cancer Genome ◽

The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Cancer Genome Atlas ◽

Lung Adenocarcinomas ◽

Genome Atlas

Abstract Background The LKB1 tumor suppressor gene is commonly inactivated in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC), a major form of lung cancer. Targeted therapies for LKB1-inactivated lung cancer are currently unavailable. Identification of critical signaling components downstream of LKB1 inactivation has the potential to uncover rational therapeutic targets. Here we investigated the role of INSL4, a member of the insulin/IGF/relaxin superfamily, in LKB1-inactivated NSCLCs. Methods INSL4 expression was analyzed using global transcriptome profiling, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and RNA in situ hybridization in human NSCLC cell lines and tumor specimens. INSL4 gene expression and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas lung adenocarcinomas (n = 515) were analyzed using log-rank and Fisher exact tests. INSL4 functions were studied using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown, overexpression, transcriptome profiling, cell growth, and survival assays in vitro and in vivo. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results INSL4 was identified as a novel downstream target of LKB1 deficiency and its expression was induced through aberrant CRTC-CREB activation. INSL4 was highly induced in LKB1-deficient NSCLC cells (up to 543-fold) and 9 of 41 primary tumors, although undetectable in all normal tissues except the placenta. Lung adenocarcinomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas with high and low INSL4 expression (with the top 10th percentile as cutoff) showed statistically significant differences for advanced tumor stage (P < .001), lymph node metastasis (P = .001), and tumor size (P = .01). The INSL4-high group showed worse survival than the INSL4-low group (P < .001). Sustained INSL4 expression was required for the growth and viability of LKB1-inactivated NSCLC cells in vitro and in a mouse xenograft model (n = 5 mice per group). Expression profiling revealed INSL4 as a critical regulator of cell cycle, growth, and survival. Conclusions LKB1 deficiency induces an autocrine INSL4 signaling that critically supports the growth and survival of lung cancer cells. Therefore, aberrant INSL4 signaling is a promising therapeutic target for LKB1-deficient lung cancers.

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The Role of Inferent Hormones on Gonad Maturity Index and Growth of Ambon Betok Fish (Chrysiptera cyanea)

Agrikan Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan ◽

10.29239/j.agrikan.13.2.160-167 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 160

Author(s):

Melani Andi ◽

Muhammad Irfan ◽

Juharni Juharni

Keyword(s):

Fish Farming ◽

Maturity Index ◽

Fish Reproduction ◽

Gonad Maturity ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Living Things ◽

Reproduction Process ◽

Growth And Reproduction

One type of marine ornamental fish that can be developed through cultivation is betok Ambon fish. Cultivation of this fish is quite profitable, and easy to maintain. To maintain the sustainability and sustainability of Betok Ambon fish farming, one way to take is to understand and know the growth and reproduction aspects of this type of fish through the provision of inferent hormones appropriately. Review article This aims to reveal the role of the inferent hormone on the aspects of reproduction and growth of Betok Ambon fish. Reproduction is the reproduction process in living things including Betok Ambon fish. The number of eggs produced by Betok Ambon fish varies between 900 and 3,500. Inferent hormone is one type of reproductive hormone that functions to spur and accelerate the level of gonad maturity in animals including fish. The determination of the inferent hormone dosage is based on the determination of the inferent dose in fish, generally around 10 mg - 80 mg or about 0.1 ml - 0.8 ml. Generally, fish that are given inferent hormone at a dose of 40-60 mg / l can increase the gonad maturity index by 25%, in betok Ambon fish by 30%. Inferent hormone doses around 20-40 mg can increase the growth and survival of ambon betok fish.

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